論文概念辨析：Introduction 和 Problem Statement 有什么區別？
The Introduction is the first section of a research paper and provides background for the study. The purpose of an Introduction is to engage the readers and give them the essential background information they need to understand the aim of your study. The Introduction includes the study background and the research question.
引言（Introduction）放在文章開頭，用來交代研究背景，引導讀者從給出的信息中理解研究目標。引言的內容應該包含研究背景和研究問題兩部分。
A problem statement, on the other hand, is an essential part of a research proposal, which is written to acquire funding for your research. It is a brief explanation of an issue, a condition, or a situation that you wish to study. It helps you clearly identify the purpose of your project by highlighting the gap between an ideal situation and the reality, and why it is important to bridge that gap. Clearly defining the problem that your research will address is essential to convince the funders that your project is worth funding.
而問題陳述（problem statement）通常出現在用來申請基金的研究提案中，它簡要說明了你想研究的某個問題、某種狀態，或某種情況。通過描述現狀和理想情況間的差距，強調拉近差距的必要性，進而得出項目目標。能把問題講明白對申請基金來說是一種重要的技能。
Writing a problem statement comes at a much earlier stage in your research journey, after you have chosen the area in which you would like to conduct your research (or the gap you would like to address through your research) and are seeking research funding. In contrast, the Introduction is written after you have completed your research and are presenting your findings for publication.
問題陳述寫于研究早期，通常在選定研究領域之后（或找到要解決的問題后），也就是申請基金時寫的。而引言則是在研究完成后的論文寫作中完成的。
In sum, the Introduction provides background information, includes a literature review, explains the purpose of your study, and states the research question, and the problem statement gives an overview of the specific problem that your research will address.
總的來說，引言負責提供背景信息，包括文獻綜述，研究目的，研究問題；問題陳述則概括了研究要解決的具體問題。
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