論文概念辨析：Abstract 和 Introduction 有什么區別？

An abstract is a summary of a research paper. It contains the most essential details of your research, including the findings, methods, and conclusion. It is meant to help readers, who are often busy scientists, decide whether they wish to read the entire article and can be especially useful in case of paywalled articles. It also helps journal editors to determine whether to consider articles for peer review.

摘要（Abstract）是對論文的總體概括，通常包含研究結果、方法、結論等精華信息。對于時間有限的科學家來說，這一小截摘要是他們判斷文章是否可讀的線索，也是讀者考量付費文章的指標。此外，期刊編輯也會根據摘要來決定論文是否送審。

Now let us understand what purpose the Introduction serves. The Introduction is the beginning of your research paper and provides background for your research topic, helping the reader understand the motivation for conducting the study. It sets the context for your research by introducing the research topic, providing a brief overview of previously published literature, identifying the gaps or problems that existing research has failed to address, and finally introducing the problem that you intend to solve, ideally via an explicit ‘aim’ statement at the end of the introduction—more on this in the next section!

接著講講引言（Introduction）。引言放在文章開頭，交代研究背景，有助于讀者理解研究動機。具體來講，作者要依次闡明研究主題，綜述相關文獻，討論現有研究的不足，引出研究問題，最好再以研究目標結尾（研究目標下面會展開講）。

The abstract is written to give readers a sneak peek into your research and engage their interest, and so it should briefly encapsulate the entire study; the Introduction, meanwhile, is written to provide specific context for the research question being explored, particularly for readers who may not be familiar with the specific subfield of your work.

摘要既要概括文章的主要內容，又要讓讀者產生讀下去的興趣。而引言則為研究問題提供詳細的背景說明，方便垂直領域以外的讀者理解。

One notable difference that you must keep in mind is that the abstract includes the methods and results of your research but the Introduction does not.

從結構上來看，摘要中包含的研究方法和結果兩部分內容是引言中沒有的。